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Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD), also known as posterior blepharitis, is the most common form of eyelid margin disease.

Meibomian glands sit vertically within the eyelids, near the base of the eyelashes. Each blink gently squeezes a small amount of oil onto the lid margin.

This oil forms the outer layer of the tear film and helps prevent tears from evaporating too quickly. When the glands don’t produce enough oil—or the oil becomes too thick to flow properly—the tear film becomes unstable and vision may fluctuate.

When MGD becomes a chronic problem, it can cause permanent damage to the tear film and lead to Dry Eye Syndrome.

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Common symptoms

Dryness, burning or stinging
Itching
Sticky or watery eyes
Light sensitivity
Redness
Gritty or foreign-body sensation
Chalazia or styes
Intermittent blurry vision
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MGD FAQs

In early stages, many people have no symptoms. Over time, the oil glands can become blocked, inflamed or unable to release oil, leading to chronic tear-film instability and dry eye symptoms.

Treatment focuses on improving oil flow, reducing inflammation and supporting a stable tear film.

Management often includes a combination of the following:

  • Warm compresses: Applying gentle heat to the eyelids helps soften thickened oil and improve gland function. A warm washcloth can be placed over closed eyelids for a short period to warm the glands and loosen debris.
  • Lid hygiene: Cleaning the eyelid margins helps remove oil, bacteria and debris. This may be done with a warm washcloth, cotton bud or fingertip, using a lid-cleansing product recommended by an eye-care practitioner.
  • Eyelid massage: Light pressure along the lid margin can help encourage oil flow. Massage should be gentle and used sparingly, as excessive manipulation may cause irritation.
  • Omega-3 supplements: Some people find that dietary omega-3 fats help improve the quality of the oil layer of the tear film. An eye-care practitioner can advise whether supplements are appropriate.
  • In-clinic treatments: For more persistent or severe MGD, in-office procedures such as intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy may be recommended by an eye-care specialist.